Not only was this the first major Civil War engagement on Northern soil, it was also the bloodiest single day battle in American history.
To view the magnitude of the losses, consider that Antietam resulted in nine times as many Americans killed or wounded (23,000 soldiers) as took place on June 6, 1944--D-day, the so-called "longest day" of World War II.* Also consider that more soldiers were killed and wounded at the Battle of Antietam than the deaths of all Americans in the Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Mexican War, and Spanish-American War combined.
These losses occurred in ONE day during daylight hours.
Clara Barton was at the battlefield tending to soldiers in a nearby barn that had been turned into an infirmary.
Lincoln himself personally visited the battlefield a week later (maybe two weeks -- have conflicting memories now :), to console the wounded of BOTH sides and to try to persuade his general McClellan to advance upon the retreating southern army.
McClellan was relieved of his command later in the year (hopefully my facts are factual).
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